different types of printing - tell a story

• Linocut is a print made by carving the image in to a block of linoleum. The design is cut in to linoleum surface with the help of a sharp tool, with raised parts that are to be printed. The linoleum sheet is inked and it is pressed on a paper to create the engraved image on to the paper.
•  Screen printing is a technique for printing a flat image through a fine mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil. The areas which you don’t want to be printed are masked out on the screen. The frame which consists of ink is placed over the item and pressed through the screen to create the print.
• Intaglio is the process where the design is carved below the surface of the matrix being used. In this case it is mostly metals such as copper and aluminum being a very resilient metal is a good material to work with in the Intaglio technique. The Intaglio technique involves etching The process involves making an image by making grooves below the surface of the metal. Then the ink is pushed into the grooves of the image that have been made. It is then pushed into a press with a damp paper on it and while it is being pushed the ink gets onto the paper from the grooves.
• Mono printing: Unlike most other printmaking techniques, this process produces unique editions. Artists draw, paint, or otherwise manipulate ink or paint to create a composition on a smooth surface, which is then produced in reverse when applied to a ground support.

I like Lino as the outcome are always very nice also i like the scruffy look from the lino how ever does take long to prepare! and is quite messy, Screenprinting is my favourite technique because i like digitally editing my outcomes ready for screen printing as you can edit your photos in a lot of different ways using photoshop, I don't like intaglio printing because it is such a difficult tasking trying to create a print as sometimes the paper isn't dry and you haven't put enough ink on so is hard creating a print. I do like mono printing how ever I don't think it comes out to a high standard.

This is Scarlett Tierneys work I really like her work as it stands out due to the great contrast, her work pays a lot of attention to portraiture, I think her work is very successful and stands out due to the great contrast, use of two colours and

Andy Warhols work is very famous artists who's idea is to manipulate popular ideas and is work is very successful as he is considered one of the most famous artists in the world.

Spanish Civil war

Spanish Civil War

Widely known in Spain as the Civil War, this conflict started in 1936 and ended in 1939, only lasted 3 years, it was between the Republicans and Nationalists. The left wing republicans which consisted of workers, trade unions, socialists and peasants, usually progressive in nature, they looked to the future, aiming to support those who could not support themselves; Republicans are idealist and believe in equality. Conversely the Nationalists (right wing) consisted of landowners, employers, monarchists, the Roman Catholic church and the army; they value; tradition, equity, survival of the fittest, and economic freedom. The nationalists won the war and Franco then ruled Spain for 36 years from April 1936 until his death in November 1975.

Economically the country was hit badly by the Great Depression after the Wall Street Crash, in 1929; the military dictatorship that had ruled Spain since 1923 collapsed and in 1931 the King stepped down after the Republicans came to power. This followed a period where the two rival parties had periods in power and in 1936 the army rebelled and removed the Republicans from power, which is how the Civil War began. Both Hitler and Mussolini sent thousands of troops and weapons to Spain to support the right wing party as they both had similar aims.

The Spanish Civil War caused a huge refugee crisis which led to millions of people being displaced in Spain and more then 500,000 in France.

Pablo Picasso – 'Guernica' and 'The Weeping Women'

Guernica was completed in June 1937, it was painted in a massive palette of grey, black and white using oil paint on canvas and is 349 cm x 776 cm and stands at 3.49 metres tall.This painting is known as one of the most moving and powerful anti war paintings in history as it shows the suffering of people, animals and buildings, wrenched by violence and chaos. It is a response to the bombing of Guernica and the painting helped bring worldwide attention to the Spanish Civil War.  In 1937 the Spanish Republicans commissioned Picasso to create a large mural; Picasso was living in Paris at the time and he had last visited Spain in 1934 and never returned, however on May 1^st after reading George Steer’s eye witness account of the bombing of Guernica published in both the The Times and New York Times, he abandoned his initial project and started sketching a series of drawings for Guernica, which he would complete in June 1937. The Guernica has become a universal and powerful symbol of the devastation of the war.

A limited colour palette has been used, the image is quite abstract this is what I like about the image, it doesn't make much sense so you have to ask yourself questions and create your own answers.

The Weeping Woman completed in 1937, it was also painted in oil on canvas and is 60 x 49 cm and was the final of a series, 'The Weeping Woman' series is regarded as a thematic continuation of the tragedy depicted in Picasso's epic painting Guernica. It has been in the Tate Modern, London since 1987. Picasso was not painting the effects of the war but referring to a singular universal image suffering, The model was Dora Marr who worked as a professional photographer and she was the only photographer allowed to document the stages of Guernica while Picasso painted the ‘Weeping Women’

Another Picasso piece of art work, yet again its very abstract this is what I like about it, the colours are very abstract too it relates to the concept.

The impact it had on European artists?

In the 1930’s the civil war inspired a generation of artists to create work that engaged deeply with the issues of their times; more then 40,00 men and women travelled from 53 countries to join the International Brigades fighting for the Republican cause with around 2500 were from Britain including Clive Branson, Wogan Phillips and Jason Gurney.

Edward Burra, who had been in Spain at the outbreak of the war was horrified by the violence and destruction, having witnessed the burning of a church and he subsequently produced macabre watercolors with an atmosphere of menace populated by sinister cloaked figures such as “The Watcher”

This picture is very abstract and realistic, the image is very weird and you have to spend a long time looking at the image to work out what it is.

The Spanish Civil War was a conflict that united and mobilised a generation of young writers, poets and artists with intense political favour against a background of the non-intervention policies of the British and other European governments.  Some artists took direct action by fighting with the International Brigades in Spain, others showed their concern for the refugee crisis through their individual works of art, posters campaigns, banners and billboards. 

The passion, innovation and energy shown from across the artistic community had never been done before. From the onset of the conflict in 1936 British artists across all styles and movements engaged in relief efforts and campaigns for Spain using posters, banners, rallies and marches to express solidarity and generate support. They were inspired by actual events, humanitarian issues, the imagery of Republican poster design and the innovative techniques of photomontage. Most of these artists were members of the left-wing.

Propaganda played a crucial role in the campaigns of both sides of the Spanish Civil War. The Republican government’s culture and propaganda ministers mindful for the need of support from outside Spain, and to counter negative propaganda from the Nationalists, used dynamic revolutionary style imagery to broadcast their message.

How artists responded to the Civil War

Artists mostly supported the Republican side, which had been ejected from power by General Franco, and it is believed that the work of Britain's painters and sculptors is less well known then the writers.

Artists would try and get to Spain but they would be denied visas, well known names such as Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein tried to gain a visa but they couldn’t, it is hard today to think of any artists trying to enter a dangerous war zone and it is something we associate more with photo journalism.

Salvador Dali

Salvador Dalí is known as one of the most prolific surrealist painters of the twentieth century, but also one most influential artist of Spain along with Pablo Picasso.

Sigmund Freud's writings and Dali's religious Catholic upbringing greatly influenced his art. Through symbolism in his paintings Dalí became one of the leaders of surrealism. Salvador Dalí and his wife Gala were not without controversy; they openly supported the dictator of Spain, Francisco Franco after the Spanish Civil war in 1939. His painting, "Soft Construction with Boiled Beans" painted in 1936 didn't necessarily portray their support for the Franco regime but his vehement disdain for war, especially the tumultuous years of the Spanish Civil War Dalí was a great painter, his various pieces of art sometimes represented his flamboyant and egotistical self. In an interview, Dalí stated "Dalí is immortal and will not die", yet his art even with his unpopular personality characteristics was still popular throughout the world. Salvador Dalí died in the town of Figure, Spain from respiratory complications and heart failure in 1989.

Conscience and Conflict

There has never been a book or exhibition specifically about how the British artists have engaged with the conflict. The exhibition 'conscience and conflict' brings together material from a range of sources and in a variety od media, including painting, printmaking, drawing, posters, banners, photographs and sculptures, to demonstrate the extent to which artists engaged with a Civil War in 1939, this exhibition, featuring works that remain moving and arresting so many years after the conflict has ended, is a testament to the creativity and intention of the artists.

Bibliography – BBC Bitezise

Wikipedia

http://pallant.org.uk/docs/phg__conscience_and_conflict__teachers_notes_0.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_Maar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weeping_Woman

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-29956558

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/nov/16/conscience-and-conflict-british-artists-spanish-civil-war-review-pallant-house

Collabrative Project - Tell a story

Word Processed report – Collabrative Project - Michael O’leary

I was asked to produce a piece of art that raises awareness of the current European refugee crisis and to work with other specialists and creative practioners. The final price will be displayed in the reception of South Downs College and in Portsmouth Libary from Febuary to March in 2016. The artwork will raise awareness of the current European refugee crisis. The context of our project was to try and create awareness of the situation by trying to make the viewer feel sorry for the refugees through our artwork which is quite emotional to create some sympathy.

The concept behind our idea was that the girl’s life was melting in her hands, as it was melting so was her house and personal possessions etc.

The group outcome is a picture of a women holding her hands out with little houses in her hands with a turban on. We digitally produced our outcome, from our screen print which had 3 different colours (black, dark grey and light grey), We took our thumbnail ideas and Jess drew it in dip pen and ink, then we photocopied this and all individually edited it slightly to have our own input before deciding on the best idea. We then scanned it on to the computer, digitally editing, through Photoshop to create our final outcome, We then added a quote and a map of Syria in the background.

As individuals we all looked at different artists including Banksy, Shepard Fairey, Wisam Al Jazairy, Phil Hopkins and Adam Isaac Jackson, we also looked at the Chapman brothers. We was most influenced by Shepard Fairey with his 3 colour tone style which you can see in our work.

There were quite a lot of issues when working in a group. No one shared the same opinion so this makes everything much harder then it seems. There are a lot more responsibilities when your in a group so if you don’t take on any responsibilities you can let the group down, some members of the group showed no commitment which makes some other members feel unmotivated, some members are made to do all the work while others sit back and watch which is very annoying, there was some personality clashes within the group this meant we couldn’t het on with our work, some deadlines wasn’t met which is an issue. We had to have lot of discussions to get to a starting point which takes longer then working on your own, its difficult trying to keep everyone happy within the group so you have to try and keep everyone happy for the moral within the group. Another issue was making decisions as a group as no one would agree with each other making things a lot harder for us. Communication wasn’t very good as well which was an issue, most of the time there wasn’t our whole group together, which resulted in bias decisions, there was no time plan which resulted in sacrificing work quality and little work was completed, we didn’t have a leader which was our main problem I didn’t want to take this offer up as I didn’t want to feel to bossy. Everyone had different expectations so no one would put the same effort in, overall we weren’t very professional as a group.

The solution to this was to be flexible and adapt to the changing circumstances and be a team player, next time I will make sure there is a team leader making everything much easier for ourselves.

Areas for improvement such as we could of been more professional so this would make the group collaborative project much easier and more time efficient, this way we wouldn’t of wasted lot of time.

The only good thing to say about collaborative working is you do come across some very good ideas also if you find someone within your group that has the same work ethic as you this creates a positive outcome.

There was no management such as a team leader within the group this made things a lot harder overall as there was no decision making, not a lot of communication, each individual's didn't use their skills to full potential, there was no set roles within our group which made it more difficult for ourselves to continue as a group and the production process was very difficult.

Resourcing materials was quite easy luckily as we all had the same resources in college, which were free luckily.

Now I have worked in a group I can see how stressful it is, I can now see why the remaking of the Guernica is such as successful project and how many people worked on it shows you hard of it would have been due to so many people collaborating on the same project. Overall I would say the project was good but could have been much better. Also I now think a lot more about the Chapman Brothers due to seeing what they have to go through.

Personally I don't like collaborating as it is much more hassle then working on your own as you have to meet a lot more demands making it a lot more stressful then it would have been on your own, the production process is very long and takes ten times longer to get to your final product then it would on your own.

Health & Safety screen printing - tell a story

Screen Printing

equipment needed; spoon, acrylic paint, acrylic medium, squeegee, packaging tape.

The screen is made from a fine mesh material which is fixed to a metal frame. A stencil is placed under the screen and ink is forced through the stencil on to the material below. Screen printing with stencils is best for blocks of colour.

Firstly your positive film positive used will be exposed and will harden the light sensitive emulsion on to the tight fabric which is already on the metal frame, then you have to tape up all the yellow areas and the sides of the metal frame. Once you have done this you can then put your mix of acrylic ink with acrylic medium on to the top of the frame and then squeegee the ink across the screen stencil forcing the ink through the open areas, then lift your frame back up and squeegee ink back across to keep the screen wet otherwise it will dry up.


Health and safety 

• -Do not eat or drink around the area you are doing print or within the room.
• The Paint is toxic
• Do not containment colours
• Mop up after your washing your screen
• Make sure your bag is out of everyone way, to prevent people from tripping.
• Doing to much printing, can hurt your arm, as your using alot of muscle. Take regular breaks or do something else that is light.

Personal Development -

I really like the outcomes that i can produce using screen printing there are a lot of positives such as the outcomes also i receive a lot of good feedback from my teachers and peers about my screen prints which make me think they are successful! There is a lot of potential with screen printing though to produce some very high standard outcomes this is what i like about it.


How ever there are a few negatives to it such as
the screen blocking and having to wash the screen to get the blocked ink out which is very annoying and a long process!
 Sometimes it doesn't come out how you plan it which is annoying!
The screen prints not lining up
it is difficult because you only have one pair of hands!

Time Plan - FMP

Time Plan

Start Friday 11th March
Finish 13th May

March 14: Research in to the brief, chose a theme, research the them, select my specialist skills, create a mind map, create a pinterest board relating to a theme and this assignment, artist research in to historical and contemporary and gather primary sources.

March 21: Analyse the brief, produce a project proposal, research presentartion techniques, produce a word processed report and research in to presentation techniques.

March 28: Start with ideas and experimentations, select initial ideas, create thumbnails, start experimenting with different media and techniques.

Apr 4: Review and evaluate work continue to do this, experiment with mounting work and plan presentation techniques.

Apr 11: Continue to do the same as above.

Apr 18: Refine work again and chose my final print to produce for my final outcome.

Apr 25: Continue to do the same as above and produce a lot of experimentation.

May 2: Produce an evaluation also an artists statement for my work, chose a presentation techniques for my final outcome.

May 9: Hand in work.

Architechture timeline - 20th century

Futurism 

Futurist architecture is an early 20th century form of architecture born in Italy.
Characteristics include strong chromaticism, long dynamic lines, suggesting speed, motion, urgency and lyricism.
 London Aquatics centre is an example of futurism architecture. 

1909 - 1944

Amsterdam School

Created in the Netherlands
b include asymmetrical compositions, use of general cubic or cylindrical shapes, flat roofs, use of reinforced concrete, metal and glass frameworks often resulting in large windows in horizontal bands, an absence of ornament or mouldings, a tendency for white or cream render, often emphasised by black and white photography.
An example of this is Het Scheepvaarthuis

1910 - 1930

Modernism

Modernism is the single most important new style or philosophy of architecture and design of the 20th century.
The style is characterised by: 
INSPIRED BY FUNCTION, SIMPLICITY IN FORM AND DESIGN, NOTHING TO HIDE, LOVE OF ALL THINGS LINEAR, BOLD ROOF LINES, WINDOWS AS DESIGN, CREATIVE OPEN FLOOR PLANS, POST-AND-BEAM ARCHITECTURE, REVAMPED OUTDOOR SPACE, FOCUS ON MATERIALS

1920 -

An example of this is habitat 67

Bauhaus 

Bauhaus style is still in use to this day, modern architecture most of the time features 

key characteristics of Bauhaus
 are generally, Bauhaus buildings have flat roofs, smooth façades, and cubic shapes colours are white, gray, beige, or black, floor plans are open and furniture is functional, popular construction methods of the time—steel-frame with glass curtain walls—were used for both residential and commercial architecture.

1919 - 1933

An example of this is - ultra modern 05

Art Deco -

 decorative style of bold geometric shapes and bright colours.. The style spread across Europe to the United States and Britain, where it became a favourite for building types associated with the modern age: garages, airports, cinemas, swimming pools, office buildings, department stores, power stations and factories. There were overlaps with Modernism, with the use of clean lines and minimal decoration, but the style also lent itself well to buildings associated with entertainment, providing glamorous interiors for hotels, restaurants and luxury apartments. Lighting was also a key feature with much made of neon strip lighting to emphasise the streamlined nature of the designs.

1920 - 1940

An example of this is the Chrysler building

Nazi Architecture 

Charerteristics include Streamlining, Bold shapes, Colour, Geometric designs, Decoratio
Nazi architecture was an architectural plan which played a role in the Nazi party's plans to create a cultural and spiritual rebirth in Germany as part of the Third Reich. 

An example of this is Speer rally ground

Googie - 

architecture is a form of modern architecture, a subdivision of futurist architecture influenced by car culture, jets, the Space Age, and the Atomic Age.

1950s - 1960s 

An example of this is - http://all-that-is-interesting.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Saving-Googie-Architecture-Stardust.jpg

Brutalism - 

Brutalist architecture is a movement in architecture that flourished from the 1950s to the mid-1970s, descending from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century. The term originates from the French word for "raw" in the term used by Le Corbusier to describe his choice of material (raw concrete). Although the Brutalist movement was largely dead by the mid-1980s, having largely given way to Structural Expressionism and Deconstructivism, it has experienced an updating of sorts in recent years.

High Tech - 

High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design. They included the prominent display of the building's technical and functional components. Glass walls and steel frames were also immensely popular. Buildings designed in this style usually consist of a clear glass façade, with the building's network of support beams exposed behind it. Perhaps the most famous and easily recognized building built in this style is I.M. Pei's Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. The World Trade Center in New York City, although generally considered to be an International Style building, was technically a Structural Expressionist design due to its load-bearing steel frame.

 Blobitecture -

Blobitecture a movement in architecture in which buildings have an organic, amoeba-shaped, building form.Though the term 'blob architecture' was in vogue already in the mid-1990s, the word blobitecture first appeared in print in 2002,

An example of this is Selfridges Birmingham 








https://www.architecture.com/Explore/ArchitecturalStyles/Modernism.aspx
Nazi architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-defining-characteristics-of-Bauhaus-design
http://architecture.about.com/od/20thcenturytrends/ig/Modern-Architecture/Bauhaus.htm
High-tech architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Photos to print -
http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/london/aquatics_centre_oda120208_a1.jpg
https://www.google.co.uk/maps/uv?hl=en&pb=!1s0x47c609ba35492e99:0xd96f6b36ea440b61!2m5!2m2!1i80!2i80!3m1!2i100!3m1!7e115!4shttps://ssl.panoramio.com/photo/26892156!5shet+scheepvaarthuis+-+Google+Search&imagekey=!1e4!2s26892156&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7j-fvjMXMAhUMIsAKHYGIC3UQoioIiAEwDQ
http://ultramodernstyle.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/UltraModern_05_Modern_Unique_GlassArchitecture.jpg
https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2013/10/Bauhaus-Dessau-accommodation_dezeen_8.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Chrysler_Building_spire,_Manhattan,_by_Carol_Highsmith_(LOC_highsm.04444).png
http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--z147lJHl--/c_scale,fl_progressive,q_80,w_800/18z1blxg0nn2wjpg.jpg
https://acdn.architizer.com/thumbnails-PRODUCTION/6f/a9/6fa9c961d2731fb31a56cbb18b051821.jpg
https://static-secure.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Arts/Arts_/Pictures/2014/2/12/1392227465556/Habitat-67-in-Montreal-by-011.jpg
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/2f/33/95/2f339586b297a00a9be79ed2ee386a7b.jpg
https://images.robertharding.com/preview/RM/RH/HORIZONTAL/698-3122.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Allianz-Arena-M%C3%BCnchen.jpg

Digital editing - FMP

I firstly opened up the photo in Abode Photoshop, and selected the lasso tool.

I selected the area I wanted to remove by making an area to highlight what I wanted to delete.

I then deleted the area, I think this looks better now.

This looks much better as it doesn't have the unwanted background in the back now, It also looks like a normal picture.