Camera types and focal length

Camera types: 


35MM slr 

single-lens reflex camera (SLR) typically uses a mirror and prism system (hence "reflex", from the mirror's reflection) that permits the photographer to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured

Medium format

Generally, the term applies to film and digitalcameras that record images on media larger than 24 by 36 mm (full-frame) (used in 35 mmphotography), but smaller than 4 by 5 inches (which is considered to be large-format photography).

Bridge camera

Large Format

A large format camera is bigger then a medium format camera 

Polaroid

material in thin plastic sheets that produces a high degree of plane polarization in light passing through it.

Twins Lens reflex

A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lensesis the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

Camcorder

a portable combined video camera and video recorder.

DSLR

is a digital camera combining the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film.

Lomo - iomography

Compact Camera

a small, simple 35 mm camera with automatic focusing and exposure.

Mobile Device

The iPhone 4 has a 4.1 mm lens. Has auto focus, tap to focus, f/2.4 aperture. The iPhone is a portable camera and can adjust to the night/ low light, generally have an alright zoom range but the quality of the image is decreased when zoomed in.

Macro: Lenses for Insect, plant and flower photography. Lenses to photograph flowers, insects and other close or near subjects

Tilt and Shift (TSE): Lenses for photographing buildings, Keystoning and correcting perspective, for making Tilt and shift photos and video.

Wide angle lenses and zoom: Canon, Nikon, Sony, Pentax and Panasonic wide angle lenses for photographing landscapes and documentary and capturing vistas

Standard prime and standard zoom lenses: General use lenses for Portraiture, Events, Editorial and photo journalism and Wedding photography

Telephoto Prime and Zoom: Telephoto prime and zoom lenses for action and Sports Photography, Wildlife Photography , Events Photography and Journalism.

Ultra wide angle: 14mm-20mm 

Wide angle 24mm-35mm

Standard 50mm - 70mm

Telephoto 135mm - 2000mm

Super telephoto 400mm-600mm

Sources; https://www.parkcameras.com/camera-lenses-explained

http://av.jpn.support.panasonic.com/support/global/cs/dsc/knowhow/knowhow12.html